Animated phase portraits of nonlinear and chaotic dynamical systems

The aim of this section is to present programs allowing to high- light the slow-fast evolution of the solutions of nonlinear and chaotic dynamical systems such as: Van der Pol, Chua and Lorenz models. These programs provide animated phase portraits in dimension two and three, i.e. integration step by step" which are useful tools enabling to understand the dynamic of such systems

Self-Excited Oscilations : from Poincar\'e to Andronov

In 1908 Henri Poincar\'e gave a series of 'forgotten lectures' on wireless telegraphy in which he demonstrated the existence of a stable limit cycle in the phase plane. In 1929 Aleksandr Andronov published a short note in the Comptes Rendus in which he stated that there is a correspondence between the periodic solution of self-oscillating systems and the concept of stable limit cycles introduced by Poincar\'e. In this article Jean-Marc Ginoux describes these two major contributions to the development of non-linear oscillation theory and their reception in France

The First "lost" International Conference on Nonlinear Oscillations (I.C.N.O.)

From 28 to 30 January 1933 was held at the Institut Henri Poincar\'{e} (Paris) the first International Conference of Nonlinear Oscillations organized at the initiative of the Dutch physicist Balthazar Van der Pol and of the Russian mathematician Nikola\"{i} Dmitrievich Papaleksi. The discovery of this forgotten event, whose virtually no trace remains, was made possible thanks to the report written by Papaleksi at his return in USSR. This document has revealed, one the one hand, the list of participants who included French mathematicians: Alfred Li\'{e}nard, \'{E}lie and Henri Cartan, Henri Abraham, Eug\`{e}ne Bloch, L\'{e}on Brillouin, Yves Rocard, ... and, on the other hand the content of presentations and discussions. The analysis of the minutes of this conference presented here for the first time highlights the role and involvement of the French scientific community in the development of the theory of nonlinear oscillations.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, Vol. 22, No. 04, April 201

The Slow Invariant Manifold of the Lorenz--Krishnamurthy Model

During this last decades, several attempts to construct slow invariant manifold of the Lorenz-Krishnamurthy five-mode model of slow-fast interactions in the atmosphere have been made by various authors. Unfortunately, as in the case of many two-time scales singularly perturbed dynamical systems the various asymptotic procedures involved for such a construction diverge. So, it seems that till now only the first-order and third-order approximations of this slow manifold have been analytically obtained. While using the Flow Curvature Method we show in this work that one can provide the eighteenth-order approximation of the slow manifold of the generalized Lorenz-Krishnamurthy model and the thirteenth-order approximation of the "conservative" Lorenz-Krishnamurthy model. The invariance of each slow manifold is then established according to Darboux invariance theorem

Poincare's forgotten conferences on wireless telegraphy

At the beginning of the twentieth century while Henri Poincar\'e (1854-1912) was already deeply involved in the developments of wireless telegraphy, he was invited, in 1908, to give a series of lectures at the \'Ecole Sup\'erieure des Postes et T\'el\'egraphes (today Sup'T\'elecom). In the last part of his presentation he established that the necessary condition for the existence of a stable regime of maintained oscillations in a device of radio engineering completely analogous to the triode: the singing arc, is the presence in the phase plane of stable limit cycle. The aim of this work is to prove that the correspondence highlighted by Andronov between the periodic solution of a non-linear second order differential equation and Poincar\'e's concept of limit cycle has been carried out by Poincar\'e himself, twenty years before in these forgotten conferences of 1908

Differential Geometry and Mechanics Applications to Chaotic Dynamical Systems

The aim of this article is to highlight the interest to apply Differential Geometry and Mechanics concepts to chaotic dynamical systems study. Thus, the local metric properties of curvature and torsion will directly provide the analytical expression of the slow manifold equation of slow-fast autonomous dynamical systems starting from kinematics variables velocity, acceleration and over-acceleration or jerk. The attractivity of the slow manifold will be characterized thanks to a criterion proposed by Henri Poincar\'e. Moreover, the specific use of acceleration will make it possible on the one hand to define slow and fast domains of the phase space and on the other hand, to provide an analytical equation of the slow manifold towards which all the trajectories converge. The attractive slow manifold constitutes a part of these dynamical systems attractor. So, in order to propose a description of the geometrical structure of attractor, a new manifold called singular manifold will be introduced. Various applications of this new approach to the models of Van der Pol, cubic-Chua, Lorenz, and Volterra-Gause are proposed

The singing arc: the oldest memristor?

On April 30th 2008, the journal Nature announced that the missing circuit element, postulated thirty-seven years before by Professor Leon O. Chua has been found. Thus, after the capacitor, the resistor and the inductor, the existence of a fourth fundamental element of electronic circuits called "memristor" was established. In order to point out the importance of such a discovery, the aim of this article is first to propose an overview of the manner with which the three others have been invented during the past centuries. Then, a comparison between the main properties of the singing arc, i.e. a forerunner device of the triode used in Wireless Telegraphy, and that of the memristor will enable to state that the singing arc could be considered as the oldest memristor

Flow curvature manifolds for shaping chaotic attractors: Rossler-like systems

Poincar\'e recognized that phase portraits are mainly structured around fixed points. Nevertheless, the knowledge of fixed points and their properties is not sufficient to determine the whole structure of chaotic attractors. In order to understand how chaotic attractors are shaped by singular sets of the differential equations governing the dynamics, flow curvature manifolds are computed. We show that the time dependent components of such manifolds structure Rossler-like chaotic attractors and may explain some limitation in the development of chaotic regimes

Canards Existence in FitzHugh-Nagumo and Hodgkin-Huxley Neuronal Models

In a previous paper we have proposed a new method for proving the existence of "canard solutions" for three and four-dimensional singularly perturbed systems with only one fast variable which improves the methods used until now. The aim of this work is to extend this method to the case of four-dimensional singularly perturbed systems with two slow and two fast variables. This method enables to state a unique generic condition for the existence of "canard solutions" for such four-dimensional singularly perturbed systems which is based on the stability of folded singularities (pseudo singular points in this case) of the normalized slow dynamics deduced from a well-known property of linear algebra. This unique generic condition is identical to that provided in previous works. Applications of this method to the famous coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo equations and to the Hodgkin-Huxley model enables to show the existence of "canard solutions" in such systems

Slow Manifold of a Neuronal Bursting Model

Comparing neuronal bursting models (NBM) with slow-fast autonomous dynamical systems (S-FADS), it appears that the specific features of a (NBM) do not allow a determination of the analytical slow manifold equation with the singular approximation method. So, a new approach based on Differential Geometry, generally used for (S-FADS), is proposed. Adapted to (NBM), this new method provides three equivalent manners of determination of the analytical slow manifold equation. Application is made for the three-variables model of neuronal bursting elaborated by Hindmarsh and Rose which is one of the most used mathematical representation of the widespread phenomenon of oscillatory burst discharges that occur in real neuronal cells.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1408.171